![]() ![]() “When you’re working around 25 men, it really matters how well you back up that truck,” says Yeaney, a member of AFSCME Local 101 ( Council 8 ). better educated) enter the labour market.As a heavy equipment operator for the city of Dayton, Ohio, Kelly Yeaney says women who choose this line of work often feel they must prove themselves to their male counterparts. A lower gender pay gap can occur in countries with a lower employment rate of women where mostly women with higher earning potential (e.g. However, a lower gender pay gap in certain countries does not necessarily mean that the labour market in that country is more gender equal. In most countries, the gender pay gap has decreased over the last ten years. The gender pay gap ranges from less than 5% in Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia, Italy and Poland to more than 18% in Germany, Austria, Estonia and Latvia. There are considerable differences between EU countries. More transparency in pay would help uncover unjustified gender-based pay differences for equal work or work of equal value and help victims of pay discrimination to seek redress and enforce their equal pay right. ![]() The far largest part of the gender pay gap remains unexplained in the EU and cannot be linked to worker or workplace characteristics such as education, occupation, working time or economic activity the person works for. Pay discrimination: In some cases, women earn less than men for doing equal work or work of equal value even if the principle of equal pay is enshrined in the European Treaties (article 157 TFEU) since 1957. ![]() Nevertheless, the profession with the largest differences in hourly earnings in the EU were managers: 23 % lower earnings for women than for men. The glass ceiling: The position in the hierarchy influences the level of pay: less than 8% of top companies’ CEOs are women.This is why the EU promotes equal sharing of parental leaves, an adequate public provision of childcare services and adequate company policies on flexible working time arrangements. Unequal share of paid and unpaid work: Women have more work hours per week than men but they spend more hours on unpaid work, a fact that might also affect their career choices.Highly feminised jobs tend to be systematically undervalued. Sectoral segregation: Around 24% of the gender pay gap is related to the overrepresentation of women in relatively low-paying sectors, such as care, health and education.The gender pay gap measures a broader concept than pay discrimination and comprehends a large number of inequalities women face in access to work, progression and rewards. The gender employment gap stood at 10.8% in 2021, with 67.7 % of women across the EU being employed compared to 78.5% of men (EU27 data). The gender overall earnings gap, that measures the combined impact of the average hourly earnings, the monthly average of the number of hours paid (before any adjustment for part-time work) and the employment rate, stood at 36.7% in 2018. It means that women earn 13.0 % on average less per hour than men. The gender pay gap in the EU stands at 12.7 % in 2021 and has only changed minimally over the last decade. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |